Capacity, capability, and ability are related terms that share similarities but have distinct meanings. Here's a breakdown of their differences:

Capacity: Capacity refers to the maximum amount or volume that a system, organization, or individual can handle, produce, or contain. It focuses on the potential or available resources, such as physical, intellectual, or operational resources, that can be utilized within a given time frame.Capacity emphasizes the quantity or volume of output that can be generated or accommodated.

Example:
The storage capacity of a hard drive is 1 terabyte.
A theater has a seating capacity of 500 people.

Capability: Capability refers to the inherent ability, skill, or competence to perform a specific task or achieve a particular outcome. It involves the knowledge, expertise, skills, technologies, and resources necessary to accomplish a task effectively and efficiently. Capability emphasizes the quality, aptitude, or proficiency of performing a specific function.

Example:
A software developer has the capability to write efficient code.
An engineer has the capability to design complex structures.

Ability: Ability refers to the power, skill, or competence to do something. It represents an individual's capacity or competence to perform a particular action or task, often based on their inherent or acquired attributes. Ability encompasses a broader range of skills and competencies beyond specific tasks.

Example:
A person has the ability to learn new languages quickly. An athlete has the ability to adapt to different sports.

In summary, capacity relates to the maximum quantity or volume that can be achieved or accommodated, capability focuses on the proficiency or expertise to perform a specific task, and ability encompasses a broader range of skills and competencies beyond specific tasks.